The Passover Sacrifice: John 19:31-37

We have come to the place in the gospel of John where Jesus is hanging on the cross, and He has just given His last breath. As our passage opens, Jesus has died, but His corpse has not yet been taken down from the cross.

However, before John tells us about what happens to Jesus’ body after it has been removed from the cross, two more prophecies need to be fulfilled during the time Jesus is hanging on the cross. John draws our attention to these two connected prophecies immediately following Jesus giving up His Spirit.

Our passage is found in John’s gospel, chapter 19, and we will read it using the New American Standard Bible translation. Starting in verse 31, John tells us:

³¹ Then the Jews, because it was the day of preparation, so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. ³² So the soldiers came, and broke the legs of the first man and of the other who was crucified with Him; ³³ but coming to Jesus, when they saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. ³⁴ But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. ³⁵ And he who has seen has testified, and his testimony is true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also may believe. ³⁶ For these things came to pass to fulfill the Scripture, “Not a bone of Him shall be broken.” ³⁷ And again another Scripture says, “They shall look on Him whom they pierced.”

Over the past few episodes, we’ve seen how John’s gospel described prophecies that Jesus fulfilled at His death. However, the two prophecies in this passage are powerful when we stop to look at them a little closer.

Hundreds of years before Jesus walked the earth, the prophet Zechariah wrote God’s message: “I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the Spirit of grace and of supplication, so that they will look on Me whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over Him like the bitter weeping over a firstborn.” This prophecy is found in Zechariah, chapter 12, verse 10.

In this verse, it is amazing that not only do we have the reference to Jesus being pierced, but we also have God promising the Spirit of grace coming to God’s people because of the death of God’s Son. We have in this prophetic verse a picture of the sorrow and mourning that would take place on the weekend Jesus would die. And all this was predicted and written hundreds of years before the events took place.

However, the reference to Jesus being pierced isn’t the only prophecy that was fulfilled in our passage. Our passage also included a reference to a prophecy about Jesus’ bones not being broken. This prophecy is found in the Psalms of David. We will read it from Psalm 34, and while the prophecy is in verse 20, we’ll start reading in verse 19 to give it context:

¹⁹ Many are the afflictions of the righteous,
      But the Lord delivers him out of them all.
²⁰ He keeps all his bones,
      Not one of them is broken.
²¹ Evil shall slay the wicked,
      And those who hate the righteous will be condemned.
²² The Lord redeems the soul of His servants,
      And none of those who take refuge in Him will be condemned.

Tucked within David’s reminder that God will be with those who take refuge in Him, we have a reference to the Lord, the Messiah, keeping all His bones, without any being broken. This is amazing to think about, because this was written several hundred years before Jesus walked the earth.

This is also incredible, because both of these prophecies are fulfilled against the orders of those in command. Our passage opened with the religious leaders asking Pilate to break the legs of those hanging on the cross so they would die faster and be taken down from the cross before the Sabbath had begun. I suspect that Pilate agreed and we read in verses 32 to 34 that “the soldiers came, and broke the legs of the first man and of the other who was crucified with Him; but coming to Jesus, when they saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.”

In this passage, the soldiers have orders to break the legs of all the men, but with Jesus, they don’t break His legs, but instead they pierce His side. These Roman soldiers defied their orders to break the legs of the men, and while they understood the reason for this was to speed up the death of these men, they don’t need to speed Jesus’ death up. Piercing Jesus’ side, which would have punctured His heart for blood and water to have come out, proves Jesus’ death. From what I know, one cannot fake the separation of blood and water, or survive with a hole in their heart after experiencing critical blood loss.

All evidence points to Jesus’ execution being successful by all the measures of success.

However, is there another reason why Jesus’ bones were not broken?

I believe there is. In both Exodus and Numbers, we have a description of the Passover sacrifice. The Passover event marked the night when the angel of death went through Egypt killing the first born in every home. The only protection given was to kill a lamb and spread its blood on the doorposts.

The Passover is significant, because not only does this finally break the Pharaoh and cause him to release the Israelite slaves, this event is also a reminder for all that in order for us to be saved, Someone else must take the punishment. In the context of Passover, the “someone else” is an innocent lamb. In the context of Christianity, Jesus stood in our place and became our “Someone else”.

While the lamb’s blood was used to mark the doorposts of the home, giving the house protection, Exodus, chapter 12, verse 46 describes how the Lamb should be prepared to be eaten. Moses told the people: “It is to be eaten in a single house; you are not to bring forth any of the flesh outside of the house, nor are you to break any bone of it.”

In order for Jesus to stand in as our Passover Lamb, which Christians all over the world today believe He did, none of His bones could be broken. Through the symbolic Passover meal, which Christians celebrate as the Last Supper, we also remember what Jesus told His first followers, specifically that the bread represents His body, and the juice represented His blood.

While Satan tried to break this prophecy and symbolism through the religious leaders requesting for the legs of all those on crosses that day to be broken, we discover that Satan could not overturn God’s plan, God’s prophecy, and Jesus’ successful completion of the work of salvation – which required Jesus’ bones to remain whole!

Jesus’ sacrifice was successful, and His sacrifice was accepted. Because of what Jesus did for us, we have the invitation available to us to take Jesus’ death and let it stand in our place. Jesus is our Passover Lamb when we exchange our life for His, and when we look to Jesus as the “Someone Else” who paid for our sins, we are promised eternal life and resurrection just as Jesus was resurrected from the tomb!

As we come to the end of another podcast episode, here are the challenges I will leave you with:

As I always challenge you to do, intentionally seek God first in your life and choose today to place your faith, your hope, your trust, and your belief in Jesus and in His sacrifice to cover your sins. Choose today to live each day moving forward with God and leaving your past sinful lives in the grave with Jesus’ sacrifice. Starting today, you can live a new life with God, and when you live your life moving forward with Jesus, your life will extend beyond this life and into eternity!

Also, continue to pray and study the Bible for yourself to personally grow closer to God each and every day. While other people have ideas to think about, always filter what you hear, read, and see through the truth contained in the Bible. The Bible is God’s story for the world, God’s story of Jesus, and through the Jesus that we discover in the Bible, God has made the way available for us to be saved!

And as I end every set of challenges by saying in one way or another, never stop short of, back away from, chicken out of, or abandon where God wants to lead you to in your life with Him!