Learning from Dead Men: Luke 16:19-31

The parable we will be focusing on in our passage for this episode is probably Jesus’ strangest parable. When thinking of parables, this one is very unique and there isn’t another one like it. Our parable is also only found in one of the four gospels, which implies that it stood out as significant to one of the gospel writers, but not to the other three.

This parable also has no real context. From where it sits in Luke’s gospel, there isn’t much of an introduction or conclusion. It is almost as though Luke includes it in his gospel because he feels it needed to be shared, and because he felt that its purpose and teaching was self evident enough. However, this has caused confusion regarding exactly how much this parable was intended to teach us, and whether this is a parable, or a more literal illustration of something that happened.

Many of you by now have figured out that we are talking about the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, and this parable has divided people more than most others regarding how literal we should understand its details. This is because this parable is set in a place that we cannot fully understand, and it is a lot less relatable than Jesus’ parables about fishing, farming, and other common tasks.

Let’s read this parable now and discover the big truth I believe Luke wants us to know. Our parable and passage is found in the gospel of Luke, chapter 16, and we will read it from the New International Reader’s Version of the Bible. Starting in verse 19, Jesus tells those present,

¹⁹ “Once there was a rich man. He was dressed in purple cloth and fine linen. He lived an easy life every day. ²⁰ A man named Lazarus was placed at his gate. Lazarus was a beggar. His body was covered with sores. ²¹ Even dogs came and licked his sores. All he wanted was to eat what fell from the rich man’s table.

²² “The time came when the beggar died. The angels carried him to Abraham’s side. The rich man also died and was buried. ²³ In the place of the dead, the rich man was suffering terribly. He looked up and saw Abraham far away. Lazarus was by his side. ²⁴ So the rich man called out, ‘Father Abraham! Have pity on me! Send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water. Then he can cool my tongue with it. I am in terrible pain in this fire.’

²⁵ “But Abraham replied, ‘Son, remember what happened in your lifetime. You received your good things. Lazarus received bad things. Now he is comforted here, and you are in terrible pain. ²⁶ Besides, a wide space has been placed between us and you. So those who want to go from here to you can’t go. And no one can cross over from there to us.’

²⁷ “The rich man answered, ‘Then I beg you, father Abraham. Send Lazarus to my family. ²⁸ I have five brothers. Let Lazarus warn them. Then they will not come to this place of terrible suffering.’

²⁹ “Abraham replied, ‘They have the teachings of Moses and the Prophets. Let your brothers listen to them.’

³⁰ “ ‘No, father Abraham,’ he said. ‘But if someone from the dead goes to them, they will turn away from their sins.’

³¹ “Abraham said to him, ‘They do not listen to Moses and the Prophets. So they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.’ ”

This is the end of the parable, and the details in this parable have left many to wonder how we should understand it in light of other places in the gospels where Jesus seems to describe death differently. There are also people who believe this parable Jesus shared isn’t as much of a parable, but Jesus taking and flipping the conclusion of a common tale the Pharisees and religious leaders shared where the poor man is tormented while the rich man is taken to a place of comfort.

However, since Luke includes no context for this parable, instead of trying to explain this parable using assumptions and other external sources, it would be better to focus entirely on the contents of this parable, and specifically the conclusion Jesus shared. It is in this conclusion that we discover two important truths, and in my own mind, it is assumption to extend the teaching of this parable past these two key concluding points.

The first truth is found in the final message, given through the character of Abraham in this illustration: “They do not listen to Moses and the Prophets. So they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.”

This statement emphasizes the fact that if someone is rejecting truth, they won’t even be convinced about it even if someone rises from the dead. While Lazarus is a named character in this parable, it is interesting that Luke does not include Lazarus’ resurrection in his gospel. Instead, John’s gospel is the only one that includes Lazarus’ actual resurrection event.

I think this may be because Luke knows that this parable is really foreshadowing Jesus’ own death and resurrection, not Lazarus’. Being resurrected is one thing, but accurately predicting one’s own death and resurrection, with a time frame of this all happening within three days is an amazing validation for Jesus’ ministry and teaching. All Jesus did and focused on was predicted through Moses and the prophets, and those who rejected Jesus also rejected the writings of their ancestors and spiritual leaders.

Unless someone is drawn to truth through the Holy Spirit, they won’t be convinced by any evidence, even the amazing evidence of Jesus’ resurrection. When the guards reported Jesus’ resurrection to the religious leaders, they reject the testimony of these guards and bribe them instead to spread a lie. This is the future Jesus predicted at the end of this ominous parable.

The other big truth this parable teaches is that after we die, we cannot change our decisions. This is emphasized by no one being able to cross the gulf between the rich man and Lazarus. But it is also interesting when we look closely at what is said, we don’t see the rich man actually asking for forgiveness or regretting any of his past. All the rich man asks for is brief relief from the pain, and that someone go and warn his brothers.

This also means that in a subtle way, we discover through this parable that after one dies, they likely wouldn’t change their decision even if given the chance. Nothing in the parable hints at the rich man wanting to change his past, and we don’t see any regret from him regarding him choosing to not help Lazarus the beggar. It is worth paying attention to the detail that this is while the rich man is in extreme pain. Even in extreme pain, we don’t see the rich man desire forgiveness or repentance.

In my mind, this is the extent of what this parable teaches. If we want to know what happens after someone has died, there are plenty of other places in the scriptures that describe this. It would be foolish and spiritually unwise to build an entire doctrine on one unique parable of Jesus without support from other, non-parable portions of the scripture.

While many people today use this as their key support passage for the doctrine of eternal torment, of an eternal soul, and of a place of purgatory, and that the rewards one receives happens immediately when one dies, there is enough counter evidence in the scriptures to outweigh this parable’s support on these teachings.

Instead, when reading this parable, we should focus less on the literal description, and more on the themes and lessons this illustration teaches. All Jesus did and focused on was predicted through Moses and the prophets, and those who rejected Jesus also rejected the writings of their ancestors and spiritual leaders. Unless someone is drawn to truth through the Holy Spirit, they won’t be convinced by any evidence, even through evidence of Jesus’ resurrection. Remember that after we die, we cannot change our decisions.

As we come to the end of another podcast episode, here are the challenges I will leave you with:

As I always challenge you to do, intentionally seek God first in your life. Choose today to side with God and to repent and reflect Him to the world around you. Make the decision today because we don’t know when our lives will end. While this sounds like a scare tactic, this isn’t my intention. Since you woke up this morning, there is a good chance you will wake up tomorrow morning too, but there will be a day when you may not wake up the next day. Don’t put off making the decision to choose Jesus. I don’t believe an eternity of torment awaits you if you don’t choose Jesus, but I do believe that after you die, you won’t be able to change your decision as this parable teaches.

Also, continue to pray and study the Bible for yourself to learn and grow closer to God each and every day. If you are challenged by this parable, or by anything you read in the Bible, take your concerns to God and ask Him to help you understand. It is likely that He will guide you as you study or that He will bring someone into your life who will help you understand. Accept God’s help when He sends it.

And as I end every set of challenges by saying in one way or another, never stop short of, back away from, chicken out of, or deviate away from where God wants to lead you to in your life with Him!