Reflective Bible Study

As I have read the Bible, studied through the gospels and other passages, and prayed for wisdom, not many verses have stumped me on exactly what they mean. However, the passage we are focusing on in this episode is one passage I don’t really understand. In our passage for this episode, which can be found in three of the four gospels, after avoiding trick and trap questions, we find Jesus challenging the religious leaders with a question of His own.

Perhaps it is a matter of how the question and quotation is worded, but for a long time I wasn’t sure what David was describing.

Let’s read Jesus’ question and what happens, before discussing some thoughts about this event. While our event is recorded in three of the four gospels, let’s read Matthew’s version of it for our episode today. Our passage is found in Matthew, chapter 22, and we will be reading from the God’s Word translation. Starting in verse 41, Matthew tells us that:

⁴¹ While the Pharisees were still gathered, Jesus asked them, ⁴² “What do you think about the Messiah? Whose son is he?”

They answered him, “David’s.”

⁴³ He said to them, “Then how can David, guided by the Spirit, call him Lord? David says,

⁴⁴ ‘The Lord said to my Lord,
    “Take the honored position—the one next to me [God the Father] on the heavenly throne
        until I put your enemies under your control.”’

⁴⁵ If David calls him Lord, how can he be his son?”

⁴⁶ No one could answer him, and from that time on no one dared to ask him another question.

For a long time, about the only part of this passage that I understood was the last statement, where Matthew simply describes the detail that no one could answer Jesus’ question and they didn’t ask Him any more questions after this. I think part of my confusion regarding this whole passage and discussion is in the first phrase of Jesus’ quotation. When Jesus quotes David saying, “The Lord said to my Lord”, who are each of the “Lords” that David is referring to.

Since the term “lord” can both refer to God as well as important humans, is David’s statement referring to God the Father, speaking to God the Son, or is David the one being honored with Jesus referring to David as a lord.

This psalm is quoted numerous times throughout the New Testament, which meant that not only was it significant following Jesus’ use of it in our passage, but that those in the first century understood what it meant.

In preparation for this episode, where I would need to come up with at least one theory or idea for us to think about, I decided to switch translations to see if a different translation would help uncover the meaning of this passage, and especially the phrase that was obscure. What I found was that almost every translation worded this event in a very similar way. However, one translation did explain it in a profound way.

The Amplified Bible translation is one hidden gem of a translation because throughout this particular version of the Bible, the translators include additional nuances that the original language has but that isn’t readily able to be translated into English. They do this by including these extras in parenthesis.

When looking at the amplified Bible at this passage, we discover that “The Lord (the Father) said to my Lord (the Son, the Messiah)”. Now we have a frame of reference to use when understanding this passage. David isn’t talking about himself at all, but he is sharing a dialog between the Father and the Son – also known as the Messiah.

This detail is key because of the broader context. The footnotes for this passage from the Amplified Bible share some interesting thoughts on this passage’s significance. This passage immediately follows Jesus being challenged by a key Pharisee about what commandment was the greatest. We learn that the goal of this question was to trap Jesus in His own words, but when we read Jesus’ response, we don’t fully grasp what the trick part of this question is.

When looking at Mark’s version of the Pharisee’s trick question, we discover that Jesus shares the opening lines leading up to the greatest commandment, which the New American Standard Bible translation tells us are “Hear, O Israel! The Lord our God is one Lord;” (This is Mark 12:29 quoting Deuteronomy 6:4.)

This detail is significant because it sets up the trick question. With the Pharisees trap, they were going to challenge Jesus based on His claim of being God’s Son because there is only one God and one Lord. Matthew’s gospel, while leaving this opening line of the commandment out, describes how Jesus answered the Pharisees question, but then challenged them on this foundational idea.

When the Pharisees answer Jesus’ question that the Messiah would be David’s descendant, they both speak truthfully, but they also expose the idea that they might believe the Messiah to be simply a human descendant of David and not someone divine.

Knowing that David was a key figure in their history, Jesus pulled their attention and ours onto three Members of the Godhead in how He quotes the psalm in our original passage. Matthew 22, starting in verse 43 says, “Then how can David, guided by the Spirit [also known as the Holy Spirit], call him Lord? David says, ‘The Lord [referencing God the Father] said to my Lord [referencing the Son and the Messiah]…”

In David’s own writings, he describes how the Messiah is honored by God and that the Messiah existed prior to His arrival. David called the Messiah “Lord”, using a term that is generally reserved for God, and with a context that does make it refer to God. By using the word Lord to describe the Messiah, David acknowledged that his descendant would be greater than he was.

In this passage, we discover some amazing ideas, and while I still don’t fully understand all the nuances that were present in this event, I do understand more than I did when I began. In this passage, Jesus pulls our attention onto the detail that David acknowledged the divinity of the Messiah, and that the Messiah is David’s descendant. These two details combined give us the impossible-for-us-to-understand nature of Jesus as both fully God and fully human. Jesus asks the perfect question to stop future questions because the answer to this question is something we cannot understand.

However, just because we cannot understand how this is possible doesn’t mean we cannot believe it. The Bible gives us plenty of evidence we can use to base our faith on, and we can use what the Bible says to know everything we need to know to be saved. It isn’t important for us to know how it was possible for Jesus to be both God and human, but it is important for us to know that God – the Son – died in our place on the cross.

As we come to the end of another podcast episode, here are the challenges I will leave you with:

Be sure to intentionally seek God first in your life and trust in Him even if we don’t have all the answers to all the tough or perplexing questions we might have. Know that some questions we have can probably never be understood, while others are only able to be understood once we reach heaven.

Also, be sure to pray and study the Bible for yourself so that you can keep your relationship and connection with God strong. A pastor, author, speaker, or podcaster can give you great things to think about, but test everything on the truth of God’s word the Bible. Take your questions to God and let Him lead you to His answers.

And as I end every set of challenges by saying in one way or another, never stop short of, back away from, chicken out of, or give up on where God wants to lead you to in your life with Him!

Of all the times Jesus received challenges from the religious leaders, one time stands out in my mind as incredibly fascinating. While Jesus usually received His challenges from the religious group known as the Pharisees, there was another group known as the Sadducees who were even more conservative. The Sadducees only acknowledged the writings of Moses as scripture, and in their minds, while other authors might be significant from a historical point of view, Moses’ writings came first.

In today’s world and culture, we might be tempted to think that those in the first century were more unified, but this was not the case. In Judaism, there were many different sects, or denominations, and each group had a different way of thinking. The most well known sect was the Pharisees, and second to them were the Sadducees.

When the Sadducees came to Jesus with a challenge and question, their goal was building up a belief they had that clashed with all the other Jewish groups. Since they only followed the writings of Moses, they saw nothing credible in Moses’ teaching that pointed to a resurrection, so in their minds, a future resurrection was not in God’s plan.

Let’s read what happens from Luke’s gospel, in chapter 20, from the New International Version. Beginning in verse 27, Luke tells us that:

²⁷ Some of the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to Jesus with a question. ²⁸ “Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother. ²⁹ Now there were seven brothers. The first one married a woman and died childless. ³⁰ The second ³¹ and then the third married her, and in the same way the seven died, leaving no children. ³² Finally, the woman died too. ³³ Now then, at the resurrection whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?”

Let’s pause briefly because I want to draw our attention onto this illustration. From the way the scenario is introduced, it is difficult to determine if this was a hypothetical illustration, or if this actually happened to a group of seven brothers.

The Sadducees tip their hand when they bring in the resurrection theme in their ultimate question. This scenario and question were the ultimate brainteasers for convincing others of their way of thought – and it wouldn’t be surprising to me to learn that the Sadducees had used this scenario and question to discredit the idea of resurrection.

But Jesus has a response for them, and Luke’s version of Jesus’ response is amazing to me. Picking back up in verse 34,

³⁴ Jesus replied, “The people of this age marry and are given in marriage. ³⁵ But those who are considered worthy of taking part in the age to come and in the resurrection from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage, ³⁶ and they can no longer die; for they are like the angels. They are God’s children, since they are children of the resurrection. ³⁷ But in the account of the burning bush, even Moses showed that the dead rise, for he calls the Lord ‘the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ ³⁸ He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to him all are alive.”

³⁹ Some of the teachers of the law responded, “Well said, teacher!” ⁴⁰ And no one dared to ask him any more questions.

When we look at Jesus’ response in this passage, we can separate it into two parts.

The first part of Jesus’ response hits the surface challenge of marriage at the resurrection. Jesus says that “The people of this age marry and are given in marriage. But those who are considered worthy of taking part in the age to come and in the resurrection from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage, and they can no longer die; for they are like the angels.” (v. 34-36a)

Jesus’ first portion of His response challenges the assumption that marriage would be included in heaven. This was the first error of the Sadducees. When marriage is taken out of the equation, then their logic begins to fall apart.

But not only this, Jesus shares something powerful in this first half of His response. In this response, Jesus uses marriage as a litmus test of what age we are living in. In Jesus’ response, if marriage is present, or if it is even an issue, then we know we are living in the same age as Jesus – specifically in the age before the resurrection. However, there is an age to come after the resurrection, and that age will not have marriage. To conclude this first portion of His response, Jesus reminds us that those who have been resurrected who are like the angels “can no longer die” or in other words, they will be immortal like God.

To shift focus onto the second issue in the Sadducees question, Jesus subtly changes the topic from marriage to resurrection by stating in the second half of verse 36 that “God’s children … are children of the resurrection.”

After changing the focus off of marriage, which is something that is reserved for this age of time, Jesus challenges the core idea of what the Sadducees believed – specifically that Moses did not support the belief of a future resurrection. Jesus continued in verse 37 and 38 by stating that “in the account of the burning bush, even Moses showed that the dead rise, for he calls the Lord ‘the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to him all are alive.”

Because Moses uses the present tense when talking about God as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who had long since died, this is all that is needed to draw our focus onto God. In how this classic Jewish phrase is worded, we see Jesus shift the idea off of the past and onto the future. Since God is immortal as well as outside of time, there would be no reason to focus on historical figures and their relationship with God unless these figures have a future life in mind.

Jesus concludes with His key counter-challenge to the Sadducees in verse 38 by saying that God “is not the God of the dead, but of the living.” However, while Matthew and Mark finish their statement there, Luke includes an additional phrase. Luke’s full phrase says that God “is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to him all are alive.”

Some might be quick to take this last phrase and use it to support the idea of an immortal soul. However, everything Luke includes up to this verse says something completely different. In this key point, Jesus focus’ us onto God’s perspective where everyone is alive, but this is because God exists outside of time. God can step into and out of time as He sees fit, and He can fast forward and rewind the movie called history whenever He wants to.

While the cast in history, which includes you and I, changes as the years go by, everyone is alive to God because He can move to any period in history that He wants to. For God, everyone is alive.

However, history in the context of this passage refers to the first age, which is defined by marriage. Jesus firmly supports the resurrection being the start of the second age, and that only those who are children of the resurrection, which is another way of saying that they died and were later resurrected, are given a future life in the age to come.

It is like God, who sees all of this age called history, gets to decide from everyone who lived throughout history whether to bring them into His sequel. His sequel is commonly called the New Heaven and New Earth, and it is the place where, and time when, sin, death, and according to Jesus, marriage won’t exist anymore.

However, we shouldn’t be sad that marriage doesn’t exist in the next age. If the things of today are a shadow of what is to come, then I know God has something even better in mind for us that will make marriage not be significant or even a topic of conversation.

As we come to the end of another podcast episode, here are the challenges I will leave you with:

As I always challenge you to do when opening these challenges, intentionally focus on growing your relationship with God first. Of all the things that matter when our lives in this age are over, our relationship with God is the most important thing in this life, because our relationship with God in this life is what opens up the way for us to experience the next age with God.

Also, death, resurrection, and what happens when you die is a sensitive topic for many people. Because of this, I suggest you pray and study this subject for yourself. Read the different sides of the debate on the state of the dead, and then look at the context of all the proof verses in the Bible. Only after this will you be better equipped to make up your mind on this topic. Don’t take my word, or anyone else’s word for what happens at death – choose to take God’s Word after having prayerfully studied it for yourself.

And as I end every set of challenges by saying in one way or another, never stop short of, back away from, chicken out of, or deviate away from where God wants to lead you to in your life with Him!

During Jesus’ final week leading up to the crucifixion, He shares a parable that has a number of fascinating characteristics. In this parable, we discover that simply having an invitation is not enough to guarantee our salvation. Instead, we discover that there is another detail present that we need to include when discussing salvation.

To set the stage for discovering this big truth, let’s read Jesus’ parable before unpacking what it means for each of us. Our passage is found in the gospel of Matthew, chapter 22, and we will be reading from the New International Version of the Bible. Starting in verse 1, Matthew tells us that:

¹ Jesus spoke to them again in parables, saying: ² “The kingdom of heaven is like a king who prepared a wedding banquet for his son. ³ He sent his servants to those who had been invited to the banquet to tell them to come, but they refused to come.

⁴ “Then he sent some more servants and said, ‘Tell those who have been invited that I have prepared my dinner: My oxen and fattened cattle have been butchered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.’

⁵ “But they paid no attention and went off—one to his field, another to his business. ⁶ The rest seized his servants, mistreated them and killed them. ⁷ The king was enraged. He sent his army and destroyed those murderers and burned their city.

⁸ “Then he said to his servants, ‘The wedding banquet is ready, but those I invited did not deserve to come. ⁹ So go to the street corners and invite to the banquet anyone you find.’ ¹⁰ So the servants went out into the streets and gathered all the people they could find, the bad as well as the good, and the wedding hall was filled with guests.

¹¹ “But when the king came in to see the guests, he noticed a man there who was not wearing wedding clothes. ¹² He asked, ‘How did you get in here without wedding clothes, friend?’ The man was speechless.

¹³ “Then the king told the attendants, ‘Tie him hand and foot, and throw him outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’

¹⁴ “For many are invited, but few are chosen.”

We can learn many things from this parable, but the one I want to focus our time on for this episode is specifically on the last section. While Jesus could have ended the parable after the banquet hall is filled with everyone the servants could find who were willing to come, He continues by describing how the king then enters the banquet only to find someone who isn’t properly dressed.

At this point in the parable, all the king’s “friends” who had rejected his invitation are dead and their city was burned, and the banquet hall is full of random people from off the streets and this assorted group of people contains both bad and good people.

Setting the stage in this way leads us to a somewhat obvious conclusion: I doubt any of those who ultimately came to the wedding hall were dressed for a wedding when they accepted the king’s invitation. The timetable of this parable suggests that those who were invited, if they were to get a place in the hall before it was full, would need to come immediately, and not go home to get ready for a wedding.

We find this idea in the detail that when a banquet is ready, there isn’t any time to stop to actually get ready. If those the king invited had gone home, taken showers, gotten into their best clothing, and then came, chances are the food that had been prepared would no longer be good. Those who were invited at the last minute only had time to come.

But this gets tricky when we transition to talking about the king’s harsh response to someone who is present who doesn’t have the proper clothing on. The only way this makes sense with the details included in this parable is if the king offers wedding clothing for everyone to change into when they arrive.

If the king invites anyone and everyone to fill his banquet hall, he shouldn’t be surprised if some of those he invited were not wealthy enough for clothing. We don’t know anything about the man who the king confronts, but the question the king asks seems ridiculous if the king expects something that the man could not afford while accepting the invitation that was “free”.

In contrast, if the king offered everyone wedding clothes on their arrival, then he does have a say regarding who should be included. Accepting the invitation is free and the wedding clothes the king offered are free as well. Why this man decided to accept one gift and not the other is as informative as his “speechless” response. The only rational explanation is that he believed one gift was significant while the other one was not.

However, this detail is powerful for us to pay attention to because it describes how many Christians believe their faith in Jesus works. Many people today believe all they must do is accept God’s invitation through Jesus’ crucifixion. These Christians accept the first gift of salvation correctly, but when they are offered new clothing – the King’s clothing — which represents the King’s character, they determine this gift is optional. They are represented by this man who ends up standing speechless before the King of the universe when He calls them out for refusing one of His gifts.

As followers of Jesus, we are called to accept the invitation Jesus gives us through His death on the cross, and accept the gift of His character that is freely offered to all who decide to come to Christ. We accept the gift of clothing by intentionally focusing on God, on Jesus, and on growing closer to Him. We accept Jesus’ life when we put our sinful lives in the past and start fresh with God. When we accept Jesus’ invitation, we would be fools to not accept the free gift of His character, because Jesus’ character is sinless, perfect, and it is the only thing that makes us “safe to save for eternity”!

As we come to the end of another podcast episode, here are the challenges I will leave you with:

If you haven’t accepted Jesus’ invitation, or the gift of His character, do so today. Know that God has done everything necessary for our salvation, but we must accept His free gifts in order to be accepted into His kingdom.

Also, be sure to pray and study the Bible for yourself because it is through prayer, study, and walking with God that we demonstrate we have accepted His character and “clothing” into our lives.

And as I end every set of challenges by saying in one way or another, never stop short of, back away from, chicken out of, or outright reject where God wants to lead you to in your life with Him!

During the time Jesus walked on the earth, every time He shared a parable or illustration, it was to teach those present a spiritual truth that they might not have already known. Sometimes those present were the crowds of people, while other times, those present were the Pharisees and other Jewish leaders who felt challenged by Jesus’ ministry.

During one of these latter times, where Jesus is teaching while some priests and leaders are present, we find a fascinating illustration about what God thinks about our words compared with our actions. In this illustration, we find the answer to whether our words are more important or whether our actions are.

While we could easily say that both are important, and ideally one should align both their words and actions with God and His plan, what happens when only one of these things is present. It is this scenario that Jesus draws our attention to in this parable.

For our episode today, we’ll be reading from the gospel of Matthew, chapter 21, using the New Century Version. Starting in verse 28, Jesus turns to the priests and leaders present and asks them:

²⁸ “Tell me what you think about this: A man had two sons. He went to the first son and said, ‘Son, go and work today in my vineyard.’ ²⁹ The son answered, ‘I will not go.’ But later the son changed his mind and went. ³⁰ Then the father went to the other son and said, ‘Son, go and work today in my vineyard.’ The son answered, ‘Yes, sir, I will go and work,’ but he did not go. ³¹ Which of the two sons obeyed his father?”

The priests and leaders answered, “The first son.”

Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, the tax collectors and the prostitutes will enter the kingdom of God before you do. ³² John came to show you the right way to live. You did not believe him, but the tax collectors and prostitutes believed him. Even after seeing this, you still refused to change your ways and believe him.

Of all the illustrations Jesus gave, this one likely hit the priests and leaders the hardest. After the priests and leaders give their answer, Jesus shifts the focus back onto reality and onto how they responded to John the Baptist when compared with how the most sinful sinners responded. The priests and leaders listened to John the Baptist’s message, but they didn’t change their ways, while on the opposite end of the spectrum, tax collectors and prostitutes were challenged by John’s message and they did change their ways.

Perhaps each group’s response was because each group had a different frame of mind about their starting point. Those in the sinner group knew they were not living rightly, so they chose to change, while those in the religious group believed they were already walking along the path God wanted them on, so they didn’t.

What I find fascinating about this illustration is that the priests implicate themselves. They identify the son who acted according to his father’s will as the one who obeyed. The refusal on the front end means nothing in comparison to the action that followed. The other son, who verbally said he would help but didn’t cannot be said to have obeyed because his actions didn’t match his words.

However, if we look at this story, and simply change one word, we see another fascinating idea. Instead of asking “which son ‘obeyed’ his father?”, let’s ask “which son gave respect to his father?”

On the surface, the answer to this second question sounds like the second son. After all, the second son tells his father that he would help, which is a lot nicer than the first son who said no.

But is respect best shown through words or through actions? If we say we respect God, is that best displayed by what we say or by what we do?

Jesus’ illustration in our passage gives us the very strong impression that to God, actions speak significantly louder than words. While both our actions and words will ultimately line up when given enough time, while they are not in alignment, our actions are a better representation of who we are and of our character.

But we don’t have to focus on Jesus to learn this truth. All we simply need to do is ask ourselves the question that Jesus asked these leaders. We can ask ourselves whether we value someone’s words or someone’s actions more. Would we rather have a friend who simply says they’re our friend while no one else is around or one who acts like our friend while others are present?

Obviously, someone who says they are your friend and acts like it is the best case, but if you could only have someone’s words or someone’s actions, which would you prefer?

This is Jesus’ point in this illustration. For God, our actions are more important than our words. For God, obedience and respect means living a life that is within His will, and not simply putting on a front when other spiritual people are present. God can use us in a bigger way when our actions are within His will than when only our words are.

God cares about our holistic selves, and this includes both our words and actions, but if He has to choose, He would rather our actions and our obedience.

With this said, as we come to the end of another podcast episode, here are the challenges I will leave you with:

As always, choose to intentionally place God first in your life – and do it in a way where your respect and obedience are shown through your actions. While other people simple talk a good talk while not actually following through with actions, resolve to be someone that follows God through your actions first, and if possible, also match up your words to your actions. In other words, resolve to both say you will follow God while also actually following Him, but if you must choose, follow Him with your actions over your words.

Also, continue to pray and study the Bible for yourself and learn what God is like through how Jesus lived and taught while here on earth. Through what we read in the gospels, discover what Jesus was like and how His life challenges us to live for God.

And as I end every set of challenges by saying in one way or another, never stop short of, back away from, chicken out of, or give up on where God wants to lead you to in your life with Him!