The Messiah, Gentiles, and the Law: Isaiah 42:1-9

As we continue forward in our journey through prophecies and connections we can find between the Old Testament and Jesus’ ministry, we come to another prophecy that’s found in the book of Isaiah, and this particular prophecy is fascinating in my mind. However, while the prophecy itself is powerful, while preparing for this podcast, I noticed an intriguing change of phrasing that most people might miss.

Also within the opening verses of this chapter, we find more than one description that is applicable to Jesus and His ministry.

With this said, let’s dive in and read our Old Testament prophecy and discover how it points forward to Jesus. This prophecy is found in the book of Isaiah, chapter 42, and we will read it using the New American Standard Bible. Starting in verse 1, Isaiah writes:

¹  “Behold, My Servant, whom I uphold;
My chosen one in whom My soul delights.
I have put My Spirit upon Him;
He will bring forth justice to the nations.
² “He will not cry out or raise His voice,
Nor make His voice heard in the street.
³ “A bruised reed He will not break
And a dimly burning wick He will not extinguish;
He will faithfully bring forth justice.
⁴ “He will not be disheartened or crushed
Until He has established justice in the earth;
And the coastlands will wait expectantly for His law.”

⁵ Thus says God the Lord,

Who created the heavens and stretched them out,
Who spread out the earth and its offspring,
Who gives breath to the people on it
And spirit to those who walk in it,
⁶ “I am the Lord, I have called You in righteousness,
I will also hold You by the hand and watch over You,
And I will appoint You as a covenant to the people,
As a light to the nations,
⁷ To open blind eyes,
To bring out prisoners from the dungeon
And those who dwell in darkness from the prison.
⁸ “I am the Lord, that is My name;
I will not give My glory to another,
Nor My praise to graven images.
⁹ “Behold, the former things have come to pass,
Now I declare new things;
Before they spring forth I proclaim them to you.”

In these opening verses to this chapter in Isaiah, we find not one but two prophetic statements about the coming Messiah. However, I suspect that we won’t have enough time to cover them both without this being a much longer than normal podcast.

However, before I shift to focus on something intriguing that I saw in the first portion of this passage, I’m sure that if you have spent any time in the gospels, you can see how the last portion of this prophecy was fulfilled in how Jesus lived His life. In the last portion of verse 6 and into verse 7, Isaiah writes:

“And I will appoint You as a covenant to the people,
As a light to the nations,
To open blind eyes,
To bring out prisoners from the dungeon
And those who dwell in darkness from the prison.”

I cannot help but see these phrases as being fulfilled in Jesus’ ministry, as Someone sent to be a light to the nations, as someone who healed the eyes of blind people, and as someone who spiritually freed people from the dungeon of sin. Jesus did several miracles within His ministry where these ideas from Isaiah’s writing are clearly fulfilled.

However, the first few verses of Isaiah’s prophecy are quoted in the book of Matthew when describing Jesus, but when we look closely at how they are quoted, there is an interesting anomaly.

Let’s read this quotation from Matthew’s gospel. This prophecy is quoted in Matthew chapter 12. This chapter begins with Jesus’ disciples picking grain from a field they were passing through one Sabbath, and it then transitions to a miracle-healing Jesus did at the synagogue, presumably that same morning. This trip to the synagogue didn’t end well, and the religious leaders leave there with the intent to make plans for how to get rid of Jesus.

Starting reading from verse 15 of Matthew chapter 12, Matthew tells us:

¹⁵ But Jesus, aware of this [specifically the intention of these leaders and their plotting against Him], withdrew from there. Many followed Him, and He healed them all, ¹⁶ and warned them not to tell who He was. ¹⁷ This was to fulfill what was spoken through Isaiah the prophet:

¹⁸ “Behold, My Servant whom I have chosen;
My Beloved in whom My soul is well-pleased;
I will put My Spirit upon Him,
And He shall proclaim justice to the Gentiles.
¹⁹ “He will not quarrel, nor cry out;
Nor will anyone hear His voice in the streets.
²⁰ “A battered reed He will not break off,
And a smoldering wick He will not put out,
Until He leads justice to victory.
²¹ “And in His name the Gentiles will hope.”

In this Old Testament quotation, the way this prophecy ends is completely different than in Isaiah’s original. While I suspect that there is some variation between the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments, and that most of the variation we see between how these two prophecies are worded is a result of this early translation between Hebrew and Greek, I don’t know either of these original languages to be able to validate this suspicion.

However, with the way this prophecy ends, on the surface, it looks like Matthew clearly changed the phrase since it sounds like almost a completely different idea. In Isaiah’s original prophecy, the last four lines which are at the end of verse 3 through verse 4, are:

“He will faithfully bring forth justice.
He will not be disheartened or crushed
Until He has established justice in the earth;
And the coastlands will wait expectantly for His law.”

However, when Matthew quotes this idea, he summarizes Isaiah’s four phrases down to two, by saying at the end of verse 20 and into verse 21:

“Until He leads justice to victory.
And in His name the Gentiles will hope.”

While both the original and Matthew’s quotation talk about Jesus the Messiah bringing forth justice, the last phrase sounds completely different. Isaiah writes about the coastland waiting expectantly for God, or the Messiah’s law, while Matthew writes, or interprets the original to mean that in the Messiah’s name, the Gentiles will hope.

I suspect some people might find this discrepancy between the Old and New Testament as a reason to doubt, but not me. While my maps of Israel and Judah show the territory given to the nation of Israel in the Old and New Testaments as stretching to the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, from how the New Testament describes the region, I get the impression that the cities along the coast were much more secular. While not named specifically, if I remember correctly, Tyre and Sidon were both in northwestern part of Israel and along the coast, though I don’t remember if they were specifically within Israel’s borders or just outside of them. Both of these towns were known for being filled with non-Jews and for being secular. It wouldn’t surprise me if more towns along the coastline in Israel were similar.

However, not only are Gentiles roughly connected with the coastland in this adapted interpretation. Also connected are the Messiah’s name, we could understand this name to be Jesus, and His law. While I will leave it up to you whether you want to interpret the phrase “His Law” to mean Jesus’ law, the Old Testament Mosaic law, the Ten Commandments, or some other understanding, it is fascinating that Matthew takes this prophecy and connects Jesus’ name with some understanding or fulfillment of a Law. The context of this is in relation to reaching out to Gentiles living in the coastlands, not specifically on reaching those who were already converted.

Some of you might wonder why this is relevant, especially since we are living so far removed from the context of this prophecy. For me, this prophecy, and Matthew’s adaptation, are very relevant, because in these verses, I see the truth that in order to understand who Jesus is, we must look at Jesus’ life from within the context of His Law. Again, I will let you fill in whichever definition of the law you want to use, but whether you choose Jesus’ new command, His simplified two greatest commandments, the Ten Commandments, or even the whole Mosaic law, Jesus’ life only makes sense through the lens of these laws.

Elsewhere in Jesus’ ministry, He describes how He came to fulfill the law, and His fulfilling the law is different from abolishing it. I suspect Matthew understood this, and He wants those who study His gospel to pick up on the nuance that we need the Law to be able to understand Jesus.

Jesus lived the requirements of the law so that when we fail at these same requirements, we have an intercessor who understands our situation. Jesus paid the penalty for breaking the law so that we can be given the reward He deserved while He freely took the punishment we deserved. This is the gospel message. While some might extend this to mean that grace is cheap, those that do can only do so if they cheapen Jesus’ sacrifice for sin. The Law, mixed with grace led Jesus to and through death, and when we ally and align ourselves with Jesus, we have the assurance that He is able to lead us to and through death, and into an eternal life with Him.

As we come to the end of another podcast episode, here are the challenges I will leave you with:

As I always challenge you to do in one way or another, continue to seek God first in your life. Accept Jesus’ sacrifice into your heart, your mind, and your life, and intentionally ally your life with His while stepping forward towards eternity.

Also, as I regularly challenge you to do, continue to pray and study the Bible for yourself to grow closer to Jesus. Through prayer and Bible study, discover just how much Jesus loves you and what He was willing to face in order to give you the opportunity of salvation.

And as I end every set of challenges by saying in one way or another, never stop short of, back away from, chicken out of, or let Satan trick you into leaving where God wants to lead you to in your life with Him!