Reflective Bible Study

Of all the places in the gospels, and of all the places specifically in Luke’s gospel, I am fascinated and intrigued by the passage we will be focusing in on for this episode. In this passage, Luke gives us an illustration Jesus shares without giving any context. Luke is the only gospel to include this event, making it more difficult to determine the context as well.

This has let many people to conclude different things regarding what this illustration is intended to teach and how literal we should understand the scenario. Some people believe the passage we will be reading proves there is consciousness after death, while others say that Jesus isn’t teaching what literally happens after death but instead He draws out a spiritual truth using a unique frame of reference.

There is also a theory that Jesus took a parable the religious leaders had and flipped the ending.

For those familiar with the Bible, you no doubt have already figured out that we will be discussing Jesus’ illustration of the Rich Man and Lazarus. There are many details in this parable that set it apart from Jesus’ other parables, while one big detail shines through that almost all of Jesus’ parables includes.

Let’s read what happened and discover what we can learn from Jesus’ illustration. Our passage is found in Luke’s gospel, chapter 16, and we will read from the New International Reader’s Version of the Bible. Starting in verse 19, Jesus says:

¹⁹ “Once there was a rich man. He was dressed in purple cloth and fine linen. He lived an easy life every day. ²⁰ A man named Lazarus was placed at his gate. Lazarus was a beggar. His body was covered with sores. ²¹ Even dogs came and licked his sores. All he wanted was to eat what fell from the rich man’s table.

²² “The time came when the beggar died. The angels carried him to Abraham’s side. The rich man also died and was buried. ²³ In the place of the dead, the rich man was suffering terribly. He looked up and saw Abraham far away. Lazarus was by his side.²⁴ So the rich man called out, ‘Father Abraham! Have pity on me! Send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water. Then he can cool my tongue with it. I am in terrible pain in this fire.’

²⁵ “But Abraham replied, ‘Son, remember what happened in your lifetime. You received your good things. Lazarus received bad things. Now he is comforted here, and you are in terrible pain. ²⁶ Besides, a wide space has been placed between us and you. So those who want to go from here to you can’t go. And no one can cross over from there to us.’

²⁷ “The rich man answered, ‘Then I beg you, father Abraham. Send Lazarus to my family. ²⁸ I have five brothers. Let Lazarus warn them. Then they will not come to this place of terrible suffering.’

²⁹ “Abraham replied, ‘They have the teachings of Moses and the Prophets. Let your brothers listen to them.’

³⁰ “ ‘No, father Abraham,’ he said. ‘But if someone from the dead goes to them, they will turn away from their sins.’

³¹ “Abraham said to him, ‘They do not listen to Moses and the Prophets. So they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.’ ”

With this last message, the illustration ends. Jesus doesn’t appear to give any context for it.

However, I don’t believe this is true. I believe there is context for this illustration and a clear theme that is worth paying attention to. I also believe this is just as much of an illustration as when Jesus taught on the Good Samaritan. While there isn’t the typical opening or anything tying this teaching to God’s kingdom, that also should be significant, because the only kingdom that matters in eternity’s perspective is God’s kingdom, and God’s kingdom is nowhere connected with this dualistic scenario.

I believe the context for this illustration is lost because most people don’t connect the scenario.

Jesus’ teaching in this passage comes immediately after what we focused on in our last episode. Near the end of that passage, we read in verses 14 and 15 of chapter 16: “The Pharisees loved money. They heard all that Jesus said and made fun of him. Jesus said to them, ‘You try to make yourselves look good in the eyes of other people. But God knows your hearts. What people think is worth a lot is hated by God.’”

The reason this context is lost is because between this illustration and that context are two uniquely different challenges, one about the eternal nature of God’s law while the focus of what is being shared changes, and the other about how divorce is seen in God’s eyes.

Many Bible headings will separate these events as well, prompting us to subtly believe Luke included these teachings without a context. However, Luke did not add headings to his gospel. The headings help us locate events, but they shouldn’t be used to separate events.

Jesus shared this illustration to Pharisees who loved money and who were making fun of Jesus. Jesus’ message to these Pharisees speaks volumes when He tells them “You try to make yourselves look good in the eyes of other people. But God knows your hearts.”

Then a few verses later, in our illustration, we discover a rich man who looked great in the eyes of everyone who misses out on being honored in the next life because of his actions and belief in the current life. This rich man in the parable, while not having an immediate context, clearly represents the Pharisees who were making fun of Jesus.

Some people point to the detail that Lazarus is given a name in this illustration, which is different from all other parables Jesus shared, and conclude that this means Jesus’ teaching is more literal than figurative – ignoring all the other very figurative language. I wonder if Jesus is subtly predicting and foreshadowing the resurrection of an actual man named Lazarus.

The Lazarus that was raised from the dead we know very little about. The only detail we really know is that he was Mary and Martha’s brother. Some people believe these two people of the same name are connected, but I am doubtful. If Jesus went to visit Mary and Martha and they told Him that they had a brother who was a beggar with sores all over His body, I suspect Jesus would have helped them and healed their brother. While this is not hinted at anywhere in the gospels, this action would be very consistent with Jesus’ character.

However, if these two men named Lazarus refer to the same man, then Jesus directly predicts Lazarus’ death, and while Jesus’ illustration in our passage for this episode does not have Lazarus being raised from the dead, it does accurately predict the response the religious leaders have when the real Lazarus is raised.

Jesus’ illustration ends with the message in verse 31, “They do not listen to Moses and the Prophets. So they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.”

A clear resurrection would not be enough to convince the religious leaders. These Pharisees had twisted their picture of God and their religion far from what God had given through Moses and through His prophets. Lazarus returning to life would not be enough to convince them and Jesus’ return to life only prompts them to bribe the soldiers into lying about what happened. Clearly predicted resurrections are not enough to convince someone stubbornly opposed to God, who ignores the messengers He sends.

However, a big theme is included in this illustration that many of Jesus’ other illustrations also include. This theme says that God loves those who are hurting, and He desires to help them. This theme is clearly present in the Lazarus character of this illustration, who appears to be punished by God but who simply is living a challenging life in a sinful, disease-filled world. God longs to heal this planet, but He is waiting until the time is right so that sin will never reappear in a perfectly recreated eternity!

I will leave you to decide whether this illustration teaches more than this about what happens after death. While it is possible, any truth we gather from this illustration must include the big themes and context we shared here, it must align with God’s character of love, and it must harmonize with the big themes of the entire Bible.

As we come to the end of another podcast episode, here are the challenges I will leave you with:

As always, intentionally seek God first in your life and choose to accept God and the people He brings into your life without needing to be challenged in a big way.

Always, pray and study the Bible for yourself, and filter what you hear, see, and read through the big themes in the Bible to discover God’s truth for your life. Don’t let anyone dictate what you should believe from the Bible. Instead, take their ideas and test them against the truth revealed in the Bible!

And as I end every set of challenges by saying in one way or another, never stop short of, back away from, chicken out of, or abandon where God wants to lead you to in your life with Him!

As we continue moving through Jesus life as recorded in Matthew’s gospel, we come to passage in Matthew’s gospel where the disciples ask Jesus a question, and mixed in with Jesus’ response is a warning that we all should pay attention to.

Our passage is found in Matthew’s gospel, chapter 18, and we will read it from the New International Version. Starting in verse 1, Matthew tells us that:

¹ At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Who, then, is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?”

² He called a little child to him, and placed the child among them. ³ And he said: “Truly I tell you, unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. ⁴ Therefore, whoever takes the lowly position of this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. ⁵ And whoever welcomes one such child in my name welcomes me.

Let’s pause reading our passage here, because I want to draw our attention onto something amazing. As this passage opens, some of the disciples come to Jesus with what seems like a simple and innocent question. These disciples want to know who the greatest in the kingdom of heaven is.

Perhaps something was lost in translation, or perhaps Jesus simply reads more directly into this question, but when I think about who the greatest in the kingdom of heaven is, I am left answering God, and this would include God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. I would picture the Godhead as being the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.

It’s possible Jesus would see things in a similar way, however, because He knew the follow-up question would be about who comes next, Jesus simply skips over God and answers this other question.

It is also possible that the disciples really want to know what characteristics God values from those living in heaven, and Jesus decides to answer this question as well.

While the disciples likely didn’t expect Jesus’ response, I’m sure it definitely challenged their way of thinking, because Jesus calls a child over to them and uses this child as an example of what we should be like. One of the other gospel writers who included this event implies that Jesus called over an infant or a toddler, which emphasizes His point even more. If we don’t recapture certain aspects of children, then we will never enter the kingdom of heaven.

What aspects might Jesus be referring to?

When I think about the answer to this question, I would have to conclude that faith, trust, love, and a desire to be obedient. When I think about my children at the age that this child may have been, I can see how these characteristics are clearly visible. While I am not a perfect dad by any stretch of the imagination, I know that when I looked into the eyes of each of my children at this age, their eyes showed love, trust, and faith. Also at this age, while it was sometimes annoying for my wife and I as parents, each child wanted to help and do things for themselves even if it would have been easier had mommy or daddy helped.

I believe God wants all of us to experience the same type of trust when we look at Him. While life is more complex as an adult than it is as a child, our spiritual lives are not meant to be complicated. Instead, a simple faith is a more significant faith, and a simple trust in God is a profound trust in God.

This passage then shifts over to warning about those who cause others to stumble. Jesus shares some pretty harsh words towards them. Let’s continue and read the warning Jesus shared. Continuing in verse 6, Matthew tells us that:

⁶ “If anyone causes one of these little ones—those who believe in me—to stumble, it would be better for them to have a large millstone hung around their neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea.

⁷ Woe to the world because of the things that cause people to stumble! Such things must come, but woe to the person through whom they come! ⁸ If your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life maimed or crippled than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into eternal fire. ⁹ And if your eye causes you to stumble, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell.

¹⁰ “See that you do not despise one of these little ones. For I tell you that their angels in heaven always see the face of my Father in heaven. (And then some manuscripts add or exclude verse 11, which says: ^[11] For the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost.)

In this passage, Jesus challenges those who cause “little ones” to stumble. He says some pretty harsh things about them. In the context of this passage, Jesus could be referring to literal children, as well as those who are childlike in their faith and those who are new to the faith. We can understand this challenge from quite a number of different angles, and the more angles we have, the more challenging this challenge becomes.

However, I believe Jesus is calling all God’s people to a simple, trusting, faith – specifically a faith that believes that the best is coming and a faith that doesn’t need all the answers.

The only other section of this passage that I want to focus on briefly is Jesus’ challenge that it is better for us to enter life with only one eye or one hand or one foot. While this makes an interesting mental image of lots of disabled people in heaven, I believe Jesus is reemphasizing that we shouldn’t let anything cause our faith to stumble, even if it is a part of our bodies.

For the record, I don’t believe there will be injured or disabled people in heaven because Jesus has promised us new bodies that haven’t been tainted by sin. Our new bodies will be perfect, and while I have no idea what perfect means in this context, I am left having faith that I don’t need to know now, because when the time comes, I will be more than happy with the results.

When we have questions that challenge our faith, we shouldn’t let the questions shake what we believe. If the question can be answered, then great. However, if the question does not have an answer, or if the answer is something that can only be known after history has come to an end, then we should leave the question unanswered and hold tightly to our simple faith.

God has given us enough evidence for His existence and enough evidence to show us His character. It is up to us to open our eyes to the evidence He has given and to have faith that looks past the doubt and into the promises He has given to us about our future with Him!

As we come to the end of another podcast episode, here are the challenges I will leave you with:

As I always challenge you to do, intentionally seek God first in your life and purposefully place your faith, hope, trust, and belief in Jesus and what He accomplished for each of us when He came to this earth to face the cross.

Also, continue praying and studying the Bible for yourself to learn, grow, and strengthen your relationship with God. Through prayer and Bible study, we can know what God is really like, and we can fall in love with Him like He has fallen in love with each of us!

And as I end every set of challenges by saying in one way or another, never stop short of, back away from, chicken out of, or abandon where God wants to lead you to in your life with Him!