A Serpent on a Pole: Numbers 21:4-9

As we turn our attention onto Jesus facing the cross, before focusing on the time Jesus spent on the cross, let’s turn our attention back into the Old Testament to how the cross itself was foreshadowed hundreds of years before, and how Jesus Himself frames His life and mission being destined for the cross.

To start this journey in the Old Testament, let’s look back into the book of Numbers, and at an event the people of Israel faced as they were in the wilderness. In Numbers, chapter 21, we discover a fascinating situation. Reading from the New American Standard Bible translation, and starting reading from verse 4, we learn that:

⁴ Then they [referring to the Children of Israel] set out from Mount Hor by the way of the Red Sea, to go around the land of Edom; and the people became impatient because of the journey. ⁵ The people spoke against God and Moses, “Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? For there is no food and no water, and we loathe this miserable food.”

⁶ The Lord sent fiery serpents among the people and they bit the people, so that many people of Israel died. ⁷ So the people came to Moses and said, “We have sinned, because we have spoken against the Lord and you; intercede with the Lord, that He may remove the serpents from us.” And Moses interceded for the people. ⁸ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Make a fiery serpent, and set it on a standard; and it shall come about, that everyone who is bitten, when he looks at it, he will live.” ⁹ And Moses made a bronze serpent and set it on the standard; and it came about, that if a serpent bit any man, when he looked to the bronze serpent, he lived.

In this somewhat obscure Old Testament event, we find a fascinating foreshadowing to the fulfillment of Jesus’ mission. However, I suspect that not many people living in the first century who were also familiar with Israel’s history believed that this event in the book of Numbers meant anything more than simply another example of the people of Israel rebelling against God, God punishing them, they realizing they made a mistake, them asking for forgiveness, and God making a way for them to be forgiven.

However, as I say this right now, this summary is an exact overview of Jesus’ mission to this planet. While humanity was in open rebellion, Jesus stepped into history with the plan of salvation.

Early on in Jesus’ ministry, John’s gospel records a secret meeting Jesus has with one of the leading Pharisees, because this Pharisee wants to know more about Jesus. Tucked within this conversation comes one of the most famous set of verses, as well as a reference to this obscure Old Testament event.

In John’s gospel, chapter 3, we learn about the man named Nicodemus. Starting in verse 1, John tells us:

¹ Now there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews; ² this man came to Jesus by night and said to Him, “Rabbi, we know that You have come from God as a teacher; for no one can do these signs that You do unless God is with him.” ³ Jesus answered and said to him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God.”

⁴ Nicodemus said to Him, “How can a man be born when he is old? He cannot enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born, can he?” ⁵ Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. ⁶ That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. ⁷ Do not be amazed that I said to you, ‘You must be born again.’ ⁸ The wind blows where it wishes and you hear the sound of it, but do not know where it comes from and where it is going; so is everyone who is born of the Spirit.”

⁹ Nicodemus said to Him, “How can these things be?” ¹⁰ Jesus answered and said to him, “Are you the teacher of Israel and do not understand these things? ¹¹ Truly, truly, I say to you, we speak of what we know and testify of what we have seen, and you do not accept our testimony. ¹² If I told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things? ¹³ No one has ascended into heaven, but He who descended from heaven: the Son of Man. ¹⁴ As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up; ¹⁵ so that whoever believes will in Him have eternal life.

Let’s stop reading here. While those familiar with this conversation know the verses that come next, all too often, the next thing Jesus says completely overshadows the reference Jesus makes to this Old Testament event.

In this conversation with Nicodemus, Jesus gives Nicodemus a clear prediction of His ultimate death, while also linking the type of death He would face to the Old Testament event that involved people looking at a cross.

I will be the first to say that it seems like a very strange, almost backwards, metaphor for the fiery serpent that Moses crafted to be a symbol of the Messiah. However, one psychological reason for this might be because often times our redemption will come from the place we least likely expect, or from the place we are least likely to look.

While it seems backward to think that looking at a “man-made” serpent crafted onto a standard, a poll, or a cross would be able to save someone from a living serpent that had just bitten them, there is an interesting metaphor in how both the cause of our death, and our redemption from death are from approximately the same place. While Satan is clearly behind much of the bad in our world today, and we can blame Him for the existence of sin, God’s law and justness is the ultimate judge condemning sinners to death.

God’s law has condemned us as worthy of death because we have sinned. We could parallel this to those in ancient Israel grumbling against God and Moses, and God sending, or allowing, snakes into their camp. The snakes invasion of the Israelite camp is God-directed judgment.

However, the solution for the judgment also comes from God. God tells Moses to craft the fiery serpent, and that lifting up this serpent for all to see would allow those who had been bitten to be saved. The serpent Moses made was not special. It may have even been hastily assembled. The real power in this metaphor is that everyone who had enough faith to look upon it was healed.

Looking at something is easy to do, but it also takes a measure of humility. A skeptic might say that the bar for this Old Testament miracle was too low, and it wouldn’t surprise me if there were people within the camp who took an approach similar to Namaan did when hearing instructions from the prophet. At first Namaan thought the instructions were too simple, too insignificant for there to be any positive change from the simple act. Namaan initially was going to discount the instructions without even trying them. However, one of his servants challenged him to test the theory out because it was simple, and Namaan was ultimately healed.

In our own lives, accepting Jesus’ gift of salvation is easy – perhaps even too easy. However, God purposefully set the bar so low that there could be no excuse for someone not being able to reach it. This means that the only people excluded from salvation will be those who chose not to accept Jesus, and those who decided that God’s methods were not for them.

From some of the earliest points surrounding God redeeming Israel from Egypt, we can know and understand that God’s plan of salvation is simple. While humanity was in open rebellion against God, God made a way for them to be saved. While deviating from God’s plan likely will include some level of pain or punishment, God is ready and willing to forgive and restore when we are ready to turn away from our sin and move back towards Him. When we turn and look to Jesus, God made a way for us to be forgiven.

As we come to the end of another podcast episode, here are the challenges I will leave you with:

As I always challenge you to do in one way or another, intentionally seek God first in your life and look towards the cross and to Jesus for hope, healing, and salvation. Trust that God has made the way out of sin possible through Jesus, and believe in Jesus’ sacrifice on our behalf to cover the sins in our past.

Also, continue praying and studying the Bible for yourself to grow closer to God and to Jesus. Through prayer and Bible study, discover a God who loves you and a Messiah who dedicated His life to redeem you from sin.

And as I end every set of challenges by saying in one way or another, never stop short of, back away from, chicken out of, or abandon where God wants to lead you to in your life with Him!